Ovarian Cysts: Symptoms, Causes, and When to See a Doctor
By: Lyndhurst Gynecologic Associates
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside an ovary. They are fairly common and often harmless, but in some cases, they can cause symptoms or indicate underlying health conditions. Understanding the signs, causes, and when to seek medical care can help protect your reproductive health.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are growths that can form during the menstrual cycle. Many are functional cysts, meaning they develop naturally as part of ovulation and usually go away on their own. However, some cysts can become large, persistent, or problematic, requiring medical attention.
Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
While many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms, some can lead to noticeable changes, including:
- Pelvic pain – a dull ache or sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen
- Bloating or abdominal fullness – swelling or discomfort in the belly
- Pain during intercourse – discomfort or aching during or after sex
- Menstrual changes – irregular periods, heavier bleeding, or spotting
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder – if the cyst presses on the bladder
In rare cases, a cyst may rupture or twist (ovarian torsion), causing sudden, severe pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, and possibly fainting — a medical emergency.
Causes of Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts can form for various reasons:
- Normal menstrual cycle changes – functional cysts form during ovulation and usually resolve within a few weeks
- Hormonal imbalances – conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause multiple small cysts
- Pregnancy – cysts sometimes develop early in pregnancy to support the pregnancy
- Endometriosis – endometriomas form when endometrial tissue grows on the ovaries
- Pelvic infections – severe infections can lead to cyst-like abscesses
When to See a Doctor
You should schedule an appointment with your gynecologist if you experience:
- Persistent pelvic pain or pressure
- Changes in your menstrual cycle
- Unexplained bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pain during intercourse or urination
Seek immediate medical care if you have sudden, intense pelvic pain, fever, dizziness, rapid breathing, or vomiting — these could be signs of a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion.
Protecting Your Ovarian Health
While not all ovarian cysts can be prevented, regular pelvic exams can help detect them early. Imaging tests like ultrasounds can monitor cyst size and changes, guiding your treatment plan.
If you are experiencing symptoms of an ovarian cyst or have concerns about your reproductive health, the team at Lyndhurst Gynecologic Associates in Mount Airy can provide expert diagnosis and care. Contact us today to schedule an appointment: https://www.lyndhurstgyn.com/contact-us/